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During the winter the air becomes very dry, and as you turn your heat on the relative humidity drops a tremendous amount. It is important to get a humidifier and keep the relative humidity in your home in between 30% to 50%. If you keep it in this range, youll be able to turn your thermostat down a few notches. With humid air in the house, you will feel more comfortable at a lower temperature then you would at a higher temperature with no humidity.

On a review for the best humidifiers, the Bemis' faux wood-grain cabinet console humidifier is said to be the best to cover a whole house, or most of the house at up to 2,500 square feet. It refills very easily and is affordable at approximately $130. The humidifier will need occasional filter replacements, but other then that it is ready to go. Check out the link below to see other recommended humidifiers:

Hot water humidifiers are a liquid-to-steam humidifier. This is a chemical-free steam that uses energy from already existing hot water sources. The steam capacity is going to range from 9-2160 lbs/hr.

Now that you know why to use a humidifier, its time to decide on what type of humidifier is best for you. There are all kinds of humidifiers designed to fit your need including boiler steam, chemical-free boiler steam, hot liquid, electricity, and natural or LP gas.

With electrical humidifiers, the range is going to be much shorter as most shoot out steam http://www.aircon-servicing.com/repair.html at a capacity of 50-250 lbs/hr. These can be used for small ducted appliances and are typically used in finished spaces. The advantage to this kind of humidifier is that it is very affordable, but it will not cover near as much space like a hot water humidifier.

Why do you need a humidifier in your home you may ask? There are certain times of the year, particularly winter, where the air becomes extremely dry and creates an unpleasant climate to live in. A humidifier will get rid of this discomfort, as it will add moisture to the air by producing a cool mist. This will make the air less drying to your mouth, throat, and nose.

There are many different kinds of humidifiers that cover small areas to an entire house. In the end, no matter what kind of humidifier you buy, the air will be cleaner then it was before. So go out and find the humidifier that satisfies your needs best, and begin breathing clean and safe air in your home today.



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The humidifier that is best for an entire house is a natural gas humidifier. The gas-to-steam humidifier will have a steam capacity of 75-3,600 lbs/hr covering most parts of the house.

A humidifier is not only going to help clean up the air, but it will also reduce the static levels in your house, and reduce the risk of drying out the wooden furniture. When humidifying your home, you will also reduce the risk for manufacturing problems.

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When looking at a boiler steam humidifier, you will find that some are installed inside the ducts. Some are chemical-free steam, while others are not. Most are going to be convenient for homes, as they have a wide capacity range to reach most parts of the home, if not all.



http://www.consumersearch.com/www/house_and_home/humidifier-reviews/

Another page to check out for the best humidifiers for your home is an article that was written on about.com. In this article they discuss cool mist humidifiers and warm mist humidifiers, and then give the best four home humidifiers in their opinion, and where they can be purchased. Check out this article here:

http://www.articlecity.com/articles/home_improvement/article_6585.shtml

2. Saves you time - Everyone these days have busy lives and no extra time to learn how to repair a furnace. By letting the professionals handle it, you will save yourself time from having http://coolinger.com.sg/ to learn how to do this right.





The professionals know that working on a furnace can be dangerous and that is why they have the training for it. To ensure that your family is safe, you should definitely leave the furnace up to the people that know what they are doing.

Furnace service is something that everyone will need many times in their lives to ensure that their furnace is working properly. There are many reasons why it is smart to hire a professional service, instead of trying to do it yourself.

The following are the main reasons that a professional service is the wisest choice for anyone that needs their furnace repaired or replaced.

If you don't do something correctly, you can cause the furnace to explode or other bad things. To make sure you don't put your family in danger, be smart and let the professionals handle it because they know how to keep your family safe, since they are trained.

4. Keeps your family safe - When you hire someone that knows what they are doing, you will be making sure your family is safe. Most people don't realize that working on a furnace can be dangerous.

This is something you will have to take time to search for, which will cost you more time. Plus, you will have to take the time to go get the things that you need to repair your furnace, which is another way to lose time you don't have.

You will have to learn how to do regular maintenance on your furnace, but replacing and repairing isn't something that you want to do unless you have experience.

1. Experience - The professionals are experienced with working on furnaces. If you don't have experience with this, then it can be very dangerous for you to attempt to work on it.

3. Equipment - The professionals have the right equipment to make sure your furnace is working correctly. They also have the right replacement parts or know where to get them if it needs to be fixed.

These are the most essential reasons why it is so vital to hire furnace service for your home, instead of taking the job on yourself. Now, it is time to decide if this is the smart choice for you, or if you want to try and do it yourself anyway.

"Batteries are fine, solar arrays are fine, all the communications equipment is fine, we don't see any glitches with the computers, the instruments are all fine," he said. "In fact, an interesting statistic, the Advanced Camera for Surveys, which was repaired by the astronauts during the last servicing mission, that's actually now run longer on the repair than it did originally for the Wide Field Camera part of it."

Matt Mountain, director of the Space Telescope Science Institute at Johns Hopkins University, is equally optimistic.

The secret to Hubble success was NASA's ability to launch shuttle servicing missions to replace outdated or malfunctioning components, to repair systems that could not be replaced and to install new, state-of-the-art instruments to keep the observatory at the forefront of astronomy.

The repair crew also installed an upgraded fine guidance sensor, new insulation blankets and a grapple fixture that will permit attachment of a rocket motor at some point down the road to enable a controlled re-entry when Hubble's orbit decays to the point of no return.



The shuttle Discovery, carrying the Hubble Space Telescope in its cargo bay, climbs away from the Kennedy Space Center during launch April 24, 1990.

NASA

"If we can keep Hubble going through 2020, with an October 2018 James Webb Space Telescope launch, the scientific opportunity is tremendous. Now we can't guarantee that. It's space, it's really hard. [But] knock on wood, we can keep Hubble going a long time."

Jeletic said the loss of one gyro poses no issues for Hubble, especially given that engineers have developed software that would permit science operations to continue with two gyros or even with one.

While engineers could improve Hubble's life expectancy by putting more gyros in reserve now, three are required to maximize the observatory's science return.

Along with helping astronomers pin down the age of the universe -- 13.7 billion years -- with unprecedented precision, Hubble observations confirmed the existence of super-massive black holes and played a key role in supernova observations confirming the presence of "dark energy," a mysterious force that appears to be speeding up the expansion of the universe.

NASA still plans to attach a small rocket motor to the base of the telescope at some point to make sure it can be guided to a safe entry, one that will ensure surviving debris falls into the ocean.

With its razor-sharp vision restored, Hubble quickly became one of the most scientifically productive observatories ever built, chalking up a steady string of major discoveries and sending down spectacular images that now grace everything from scholarly journals to grade school textbooks, T-shirts and posters.

"Hubble's doing great," said John Grunsfeld, NASA's director of space science operations and one of the spacewalkers who helped service Hubble during a final visit in 2009. "We've had one gyro failure, but that's to be expected.

"When we get to 2020, if we're down to a single instrument, maybe we only have Wide Field Camera 3 left and we're on the cusp of launching a wide-field survey telescope ... the science community may decide funding isn't worth it and we ought to put it into the next-generation telescope," Grunsfeld said.

"It's amazing. It truly is," Jeletic said. "Given all the things that can fail, a lot of people were hoping for one or two years of continued work with it. Now we've gotten over five."

In any case, Hubble normally operates with just three gyroscopes with the others in reserve, powered off but ready for use if needed. The gyro with the noise issue is one of the two currently held in reserve.

Grunsfeld and his crewmates also repaired two science instruments, the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, which suffered a power supply failure in 2004, and the Advanced Camera for Surveys, which malfunctioned in 2007.

In a remarkable display of Apollo 13-style ingenuity, engineers precisely mapped the aberration and designed corrective optics that were installed during a December 1993 shuttle servicing mission, the first of five that eventually were launched.

But NASA and contractor engineers eventually came up with heat shield repair techniques and O'Keefe's successor, Michael Griffin, reinstated the fifth servicing mission.

The ACS, like the repaired Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, no longer has any internal redundancy.

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Neither is shrinkage caused by a phenomenon known as desorption, in which atoms and molecules making up a spacecraft's components can slowly migrate to the surrounding environment. As a result, the telescope's structure has actually shrunk ever so slightly over the years. One of Hubble's Fine Guidance Sensors, while still operating normally, is suffering from a slightly reduced aperture.

During Servicing Mission 3A, launched in December 1999, spacewalking astronauts installed a new flight computer, a second solid-state data recorder, another fine guidance sensor and a full set of six gyroscopes. During Servicing Mission 3B, launched in March 2002, another shuttle crew installed two new solar arrays, the Advanced Camera for Surveys, an experimental cooling system for NICMOS and a replacement power control unit.

"The spherical aberration story is one for the history books," James Jeletic, deputy project manager of Hubble operations at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, told CBS News. "And then the astronauts and the whole idea of the servicing, which allowed us to put new instruments on board and things of that nature, that has worked just absolutely spectacularly."

He made the decision in large part because Hubble and the International Space Station were in different orbits and a Hubble repair crew could not reach safe haven aboard the station if their shuttle suffered a Columbia-class problem.

More recently, Hubble has been used to search for minor planets beyond Pluto, to look for planets orbiting other suns, to improve the accuracy of astronomical distance measurements and to study gravitational lenses created by galaxy clusters that magnify the light from even more distant, and ancient, galaxies that formed shortly after the big bang.

The only other issue of any significance is the March 7 loss of a gyroscope, apparently due to the failure of a hair-thin flex wire that carried current to the unit. The gyro had operated for more than 50,000 hours when it failed, a near record.

"They're all ready to roll," Jeletic said of the software packages. "The two-gyro [software] was the first one, we actually used that before the previous servicing mission and then the one gyro we've implemented and tested as well. That's ready to go."

The Space Telescope Science Institute still receives five to six times more applications for observing time that can be honored and Grunsfeld said NASA will continue funding the observatory, at more than $90 million per year, as long as it remains scientifically viable. NASA has spent $7.5 billion on Hubble in real year dollars since the program was approved in 1977, not counting the cost of six dedicated shuttle missions.

Four years after http://www.hometips.com/repair-fix/central-air-conditioner.html Hubble was equipped with corrective optics, astronauts on a second servicing mission installed two new instruments -- the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph and the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer, or NICMOS -- replaced a fine guidance sensor, a gyroscope and installed a solid-state data recorder.

But planning for Hubble's re-entry is many years away. In the near term, as a recent senior-level NASA management review concluded, "Hubble is operating at or near the highest level of performance and scientific productivity in its history."

Based on an average solar cycle, the latest projections show atmospheric friction will cause Hubble to fall back to Earth around 2036. In a worst-case scenario, re-entry could come as early as 2027.

"Hubble seems to be in remarkably good condition, the gyros are holding out, the instruments are holding out far better than we anticipated," he said in an interview.

"You reset the electronics and you're back in business," Jeletic said. "So no damage or anything like that, and we were back up and running in less than 30 hours. So that's a no brainer. We get those on different parts of the spacecraft, that's not unusual."

"We see that, for example, with the optical telescope assembly, which is the structure that holds the mirrors," Jeletic said. "Every so often, every two or three years, we'll actually do a secondary mirror move to pull it back into focus. Similarly, with the Fine Guidance Sensors, there's still some of that going on. Nothing that we can't manage right now, just watching that trend."

"It shares the load in spectroscopy with COS (Cosmic Origins Spectrograph)," Jeletic said. "COS gets a little bit more work, but STIS gets its fair share."

Five years after a fifth and final shuttle servicing mission, the Hubble Space Telescope's instruments are operating in near-flawless fashion and while one of its six stabilizing gyroscopes has failed, project managers are optimistic the observatory will be able to operate through the end of the decade, wrapping up 30 years at the apex of astronomy.



The only other instrument issues have been transitory space radiation-triggered single-event upsets "where a particle came down and hit some part of the computer circuitry and caused a bit to flip."

During the final visit in 2009, four spacewalkers working in two-man teams carried out five back-to-back spacewalks, installing six new stabilizing gyroscopes, a full set of six nickel-hydrogen battery packs, a new data computer and two new instruments, the $126 million Wide Field Camera 3 and the $81 million Cosmic Origins Spectrograph.

"Its images have become part of our culture in our textbooks, magazines, art and even popular movies and TV programs," Ed Weiler, former Hubble project scientist and Grunsfeld's predecessor at NASA Headquarters, said before the final shuttle visit. "Although we probably never will be able to visit these places or objects, Hubble actually allows our human minds and spirits to travel light years and even billions of light years to the farthest reaches of the cosmos."

Operating Hubble much beyond 2020 will be technically and politically problematic. And no matter what happens, the telescope will continue slowly but surely losing altitude because of atmospheric drag, a phenomenon that depends in large part on the 11-year solar cycle and how much the sun causes the atmosphere to heat up and expand.

Hubble was launched 24 years ago, on April 24, 1990, aboard the shuttle Discovery. In what became the opening chapter of a space drama rivaling the "Perils of Pauline," engineers discovered its presumably near-perfect 94.5-inch primary mirror suffered from spherical aberration, a condition that prevented it from bringing starlight to a sharp focus.

All that said, Grunsfeld added, "I think we'll get to 2020 with Hubble."

NASA

Three of the six gyros installed in 2009, including the one that in March, used an older style flex wire design while three incorporated silver-coated "enhanced" flex wires to improve durability. In an unrelated event, another gyro was put in powered-down reserve because of "noise" in its circuitry. Engineers have since uploaded software to compensate and the gyro is considered fully operational.

Jeletic said other than a single gyro failure, the observatory is operating in near-flawless fashion five years after the final shuttle crew departed.

"We want to optimize that situation and get as much science back as we can while all the instruments are truly working," Jeletic said. "So we're going to stay in three-gyro mode. If that changes, if all the sudden we've lost two instruments or something, we may take another look at that. Or, if we end up losing gyros over time and we're down to two gyros, then we will automatically jump to the one-gyro mode and put one in reserve. That's the game plan."

If those forecasts hold up, NASA will be able to use Hubble in concert with its successor, the $8 billion James Webb Space Telescope, giving astronomers a golden opportunity to compare Hubble's visible-light images with Webb's deep infrared views to better understand the structure and evolution of the early universe.



After multiple gyroscope failures in the late 1990s, NASA managers decided to split a third servicing mission into two shuttle flights.

http://www.cbsnews.com/news/hubble-telescope-marks-another-milestone-in-space/

Likewise, the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, which also is operating in "single-string" mode, is still going strong.

NASA



Predicted failures of Hubble's science instruments and subsystems give NASA managers optimism the spacecraft will remain scientifically viable through the end of the decade. As the above charts indicate, engineers believe there's a better than 80 percent chance the telescope can reach 2020 without any major failures.

"If the over-subscription (rate) drops down to a much lower number, and I don't know where that threshold would be, and there's more pressure on James Webb or a new telescope, then we would put it into a senior review where it competes against those other instruments."



The Hubble Space Telescope was equipped with corrective optics during a 1993 shuttle servicing mission, counteracting a flaw in the observatory's primary mirror. Hubble has operated at the forefront of optical astronomy ever since.

"The real issue for us, which is what's proving very exciting, is though the instruments have now been up for almost five years, we're finding news ways to use them and new ways to correct the effects of being in space," he said. "And so they're becoming even more sensitive than they were when we went up there."

Then, 11 months later, the shuttle Columbia was destroyed during re-entry by a breach in its wing leading edge heat shield. Plans for a fifth shuttle visit, Servicing Mission 4, were put on hold and eventually cancelled by then-NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe.

ArcelorMittal Poland, subsidiary of global steel producer ArcelorMittal, has announced that it will stop operations at blast furnace No. 5 at its Krakow steelworks starting from April 30, due to repair works. The work will last 80 days, with the cost of the project expected to exceed PLN 175 million ($46.12 million). With the project, the company aims to meet new strict environmental standards and reduce Krakow steelworks impact on the environment.





The company stated that it will also modernize its oxygen converter and increase the capacities of its hot rolling mill and cold rolling mill in Krakow. Together with these projects, the total investments in Krakow exceed http://coolinger.com.sg/ PLN 500 million ($131.79 million).

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